Integrated application of macrophytes and zooplankton for wastewater treatment

The increasing amount of sewage has become a serious concern globally, demanding sustainable solutions. constructed wetland system (CWS) can be installed at the wastewater discharge site and properly screened bio-purifiers used for efficient treatment. Filter-feeding zooplankton have potential to graze on bacteria reduce biological oxygen demand. However, higher suspended particles choke filtering appendages. An integrated application macrophytes solve problems by reducing contaminants providing surface area take refuge. Using three different approaches: (a) screening natural through time series study, (b) assessment treatment in CWS and, (c) evaluation growth untreated wastewater, this study explored combined use macrophyte CWS. 3-year vicinity recorded zooplankton, Brachionus angularis Moina macrocopa as highly indicative zooplankton. top two are Typha Phragmites . Under laboratory conditions, population rates B. M. were significantly without any external nutrient source than those control with algae food source. ( ) yielded upto 56% reduction total bacterial count 92% BOD along substantial increase DO level. present results strongly suggested planted inoculated usefulness is further supported occurrence selected species , it easy maintain, low installation cost, excellent efficiency treating wastewater. As both preferred live feed rearing fish larvae, sludge, harvest feeds aquaculture industry augment circularity promote decentralized